This shot is known as an Extreme close up or ECU where you can only really see features such as the eyes.

This shot is known as an Extreme Long Shot where people appear as very small and you can see a lot of the landscape.

This shot is refereed to as a mid shot but the proper term is a Medium shot where you can only see half the individuals body.

This shot is known as a medium long shot which is a combination of a medium shot and a long shot and you can only see the individuals knees and upwards.

This shot is known as a tilt shot where the camera is normally at a stationary position but is titled at an angle. 

This shot is known as a close up where you can see the individuals face and is normally used to capture someones facial expressions.